What you built with the battery, wire, and bulb in step 3 is called an open circuit. In order for electricity to start flowing, you need a closed circuit. Electricity is caused by tiny particles with negative charges, called electrons. When a circuit is complete, or closed, electrons can flow from one end of a battery all the way around, through the wires, to the other end of the battery. Along its way, it will carry electrons to electrical objects that are connected to it — like the light bulb — and make them work!
In the second part, you added another battery. That should have made the light bulb burn more brightly, because two batteries together can supply more electricity than just one! The paper clip across the bottom of the battery pack allowed electricity to flow between the batteries, making the flow of electrons stronger.
Materials that electricity can flow through are call conductors. Materials that stop electricity from flowing are called insulators. You can find out which things around your house are conductors and which are insulators using the circuit you made in the last project to test them! Disconnect one of the wires from the battery pack. Connect one end of the new wire to the battery. You should have two wires with free ends between the light bulb and the battery pack.
You have made an open circuit and the bulb should not light up. Next you will test objects to see if they are conductors or insulators. If the object is a conductor, the light bulb will light up.
It is is an insulator, it will not light. For each object, guess whether you think each object will complete the circuit and light up the light bulb or not.
Connect the ends of the free wires to an object and see what happens. Some objects you could test are a paper clip, a pair of scissors try the blades and the handles separately , a glass, a plastic dish, a wooden block, your favorite toy, or anything else you can think of.
Before you test each object, guess whether it will make the light bulb light up or not. The light bulb lights up because the conductor completes, or closes, the circuit and electricity can flow from the battery to the light bulb and back to the battery! When you set up the circuit in step 1, it was an open circuit. Electrons could not flow all the way around because two of the wires were not touching. The electrons were interrupted.
When you placed an object made of metal between the two wires, the metal closed or completed the circuit — the electrons could flow across the metal object to get from one wire to the next! Objects that completed the circuit made the light bulb light up. Those objects are conductors. They conduct electricity. Most other materials, like plastic, wood, and glass are insulators. An insulator in an open circuit does not complete the circuit, because electrons cannot flow through it! The light bulb did not light up when you put an insulator in between the wires.
Inside they are made of metal, but they have plastic around the outside. Metal is a good conductor. Plastic is a good insulator. The plastic wrapped around the wire helps keep electrons flowing along the metal wire by blocking them from transferring to other object outside of the wires.
Atoms have even smaller particles inside them called electrons. Electrons always have a negative charge. Electricity is the movement or flow of electrons from one atom to another. It is! Electrons are called subatomic particles , which means that what they are doing is happening inside atoms, so this is pretty complicated science. An electric circuit providing an uninterrupted, endless path for the flow of current.
A complete electric circuit around which current can flow. A television system in which the signal is usually sent by cable to a limited number of receivers. An uninterrupted path for current to flow. See CCTV. That consists of a closed circuit. A network of one or more television cameras and television receivers connected together with no provision for broadcasting. A television transmission circuit with a limited number of reception stations and no broadcast facilities.
In another case, when we connect insulators or insulating devices in an electric circuit, electricity does not flow even though the circuit path is complete. In a closed circuit, the electric current charged particles flows from an active energy source to the connected load or other components due to the closed-loop path. Suppose, DC voltage supply battery is connected with the light like load and closed switch.
Due to closed switch, the circuit makes the complete path to flow electric current. Open Circuit: In an electric open circuit, no electrical connection occurs in between the source and load. If any sides of the source or other components disconnect in an electric circuit, the current will not flow.
Closed Circuit: In closed circuit, closed loop path occurs with the connected source and the load. For the electrical and electronic circuit working open circuit and closed circuit , we need a switch to make ON and break OFF the circuit. In a power system, circuit breaker and fuse perform the same switching make and break the circuit role by the manually and automatically at fault condition.
DipsLab is the fastest growing and most trusted community site for Electrical and Electronics Engineers. If you like what you are reading, please consider buying me a coffee or 2 as a token of appreciation. I have completed master in Electrical Power System. Could you please explain your 4th point? What do you mean by the potential difference between the two different terminals? I have already explained the potential difference concept in an open circuit example.
You can read more about the earlier tutorial on Potential Difference and voltage.
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