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Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Infertility and assisted reproduction. IVF systematically changes selection pressures. Selection of oocytes for fertilization. Selection of spermatozoa for fertilization. Selection of embryo for transfer into the uterus. Selection in implantation and miscarriage. Selection of couples for IVF treatment.
How IVF may affect human evolution. Authors' roles. Conflict of interest. Can IVF influence human evolution? E-mail: hanhan sthf. Oxford Academic. Dag O. Arne Sunde. Jarle Breivik. Revision received:. Select Format Select format. Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract IVF, a procedure in which pharmacological and technological manipulation is used to promote pregnancy, offers help to infertile couples by circumventing selection at the most fundamental level.
Step in the reproductive cycle. Favoured trait in natural reproduction. Oocyte High follicular sensitivity to FSH and LH Survive laboratory conditions, including puncture Spermatozoon Forward mobility for longer distances in mucus Fast movement for shorter distances Embryo Interaction with Fallopian tube Conformation to laboratory standards; survive cryopreservation Implantation and miscarriage Induce implantation in a non-stimulated endometrium Induce implantation in an endometrium altered by controlled ovarian stimulation Opportunity to reproduce Various sociocultural factors Legislation; economic resources.
Open in new tab. Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals. Issue Section:. Download all slides. View Metrics. Email alerts Article activity alert. Advance article alerts. New issue alert. Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic. Andrology: Evaluation of a cut-off value for normal sperm morphology using strict criteria to predict fertilization after conventional in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in asthenozoospermia.
Related articles in Web of Science Google Scholar. Related articles in PubMed The rising incidence of heterotopic pregnancy: Current perspectives and associations with in-vitro fertilization.
Here are the typical stages in an IVF cycle:. There are many variations to the IVF procedure. For example, sperm or eggs may be collected from a donor. In some cases, a surrogate may carry the pregnancy. On average, every time a woman has a cycle of IVF, she has about a 1 in 5 chance of becoming pregnant and having a baby.
That chance is higher for women younger than 35 years old, and lower for older women, decreasing with age. By age 44, the chance of success is less than 1 in The situation for lesbian or gay people who may not be infertile and same sex couples seeking IVF can vary. Following changes to the law in recent years, IVF is now accessible to lesbian couples in most parts of Australia.
For information about IVF that is relevant to your own situation, talk to your doctor or a local fertility clinic. IVF is time consuming. Repeated cycles can take an emotional and physical toll on people going through it. Financial costs vary a lot, but each cycle of IVF may cost several thousand dollars. You can get a rebate on some IVF items from Medicare if they are medically necessary for you to get pregnant. Your private health fund may pay for other aspects of treatment.
There are also the costs of medicines, tests and day surgery. If you are considering IVF, it is important to talk to your doctor, the IVF clinic and your health fund if you have one to understand what you will be charged for and what you will be covered for. Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content. Considering IVF is a big decision to make.
It is expensive, and it can be difficult and there is no guarantee of success. Find out what to expect from IVF, such as how long it takes and what are the risks involved. Read more on Australian Breastfeeding Association website. IVF is one of the more widely known forms of assisted reproductive technology — used to overcome a range of fertility issues.
Read more on Healthy Male - Andrology Australia website. COPE's purpose is to prevent and improve the quality of life of those living with emotional and mental health problems that occur prior to and within the perinatal period. For IVF parents, pathology testing is vital from fertility tests before conception to ensuring a healthy pregnancy.
Read more on Know Pathology Know Healthcare website. There are several factors that can affect a woman's fertility. Treatments are available for many of the causes of female infertility and assisted reproductive technology such as IVF can help some women get pregnant. Read more on myDr website. Understanding fertility treatment There are many types of fertility treatments available, ranging from simple interventions such as medication to help a woman ovulate, through to more complicated procedures known as assisted reproductive treatment ART.
ART, also known as assisted reproductive technology, refers to medical and scientific methods used to help people conceive. Types of treatment Depending on the cause of infertility, the following types of treatment may be recommended by your fertility specialist.
This information provides a general overview of techniques available. Speak to your fertility clinic for more information. Ovulation induction OI Ovulation induction OI can be used if a woman is not ovulating or not ovulating regularly. It involves taking a hormone medication tablets or injections to stimulate ovulation. The response to the hormones is monitored with ultrasound and when the time is right, an injection is given to trigger ovulation the release of the egg. Timing intercourse to coincide with ovulation offers the chance of pregnancy.
IUI can help couples with so called unexplained infertility or couples where the male partner has minor sperm abnormalities. You can use the Unexplained infertility - exploring your options guide to better understand if IUI is a suitable option for you. IUI can be performed during a natural menstrual cycle, or in combination with ovulation induction OI if the woman has irregular menstrual cycles.
When the eggs are mature, they are retrieved in an ultrasound-guided procedure under light anaesthetic. The eggs and sperm from the male partner or a donor are placed in a culture dish in the laboratory to allow the eggs to hopefully fertilise, so embryos can develop.
Three to five days later, if embryos have formed, one is placed into the woman's uterus in a procedure called embryo transfer. If there is more than one embryo, they can be frozen and used later. IVF is a safe procedure and medical complications are rare. But as with all medical procedures, there are some possible health effects for women and men undergoing treatment and for children born as a result of treatment.
Read more about the possible health effects of IVF here. Most importantly, you need to consider your own personal circumstances and medical history when you estimate your chance of having a baby with IVF. You can read more about interpreting success rates here.
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