In fact, this is a growing concern among public health officials who report an increase in the recreational use of these products. Overdosing on OTC cold and flu medications can happen when someone ignores dosing recommendations and takes whatever dose they deem necessary, or larger or more frequent doses in an effort to overcome illness faster. In addition, it can also occur from simple human error: misreading a product label or not measuring out a dose correctly.
Using these medications with alcohol can also lead to overdosing. But it most often occurs when someone takes several different OTC cold and flu remedies without realizing they contain some of the same ingredients. For example, if you were to take a multi-symptom medication like NyQuil along with Tylenol or Tylenol Extra Strength for fever and pain, you could easily overdose on acetaminophen contained in both products.
Taking too much acetaminophen can potentially cause liver damage , the risk of which is increased if alcohol is consumed. This is only one such example. The overconsumption of other drugs found in cold and flu remedies, such as dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine , and antihistamines , also pose health risks.
By reading the product labels, avoiding the co-administration of remedies with the same ingredients, and limiting yourself to the recommended dose, you can greatly reduce the risk of accidental overdose. Ultimately, the safest way to manage OTC treatment is to take single-ingredient medications only.
A report in the journal Pediatrics in Review concluded that OTC preparations are no more effective in treating cough and cold symptoms compared to placebo and that the products have yet to be proven to be safe and effective in young children.
Moreover, the U. Food and Drug Administration FDA advises against the use of these medications in children under 2 and asserts that most children will recover from cold and flu on their own without the need for medicine. In other words, a potential risk of overdose in young people is not worth the potential benefit you seek unless otherwise directed by a doctor.
Though you may never anticipate a cold and flu medication overdose, they can easily happen. It's important to recognize the signs of overdose should one occur. Symptoms of a potential overdose of OTC cold and flu medication include:. Call Poison Control at and seek emergency care if you think you've given yourself or your child too much cold and flu medication. In the past, codeine and alcohol contained in many OTC cough syrups were abused by some for the euphoric and calming effects they could deliver.
In response to public health warnings, alcohol has now been removed from most OTC remedies, while codeine has been reclassified as a Schedule II controlled substance when used in products containing more than 90 milligrams mg per dosage unit.
With the removal of these products from market shelves, some younger people have turned to OTC cold, cough, and flu remedies containing dextromethorphan DMX , an opiod, for a cheap and easy high. These products are readily available throughout the United States in syrup, tablet, and powder form.
The abuse of DMX is most common among 8th to 12th graders. When swallowed or snorted in excess, DMX can cause hallucinogenic effects similar to the anesthetic drug ketamine or the street drug phencyclidine also known as PCP or "angel dust. The overuse of DMX is associated with an array of side effects, including:.
An overdose of DMX can lead to more serious symptoms, including seizures, cerebral hemorrhage bleeding in the brain , permanent brain damage, and even death. The regular abuse of DXM at high doses can also cause a condition known as chemical psychosis in which a person loses touch with reality. Referred to by some as "poor man's psychosis," the DMX-induced disorder characterized by paranoia , delusions , hallucinations , and disassociation has been known to lead to impulsive and even violent acts, including assault and self-harm.
Since DMX abuse is largely hidden, it is important to recognize the signs of overdose in not only adolescents and teens but some adults as well. If you suspect that someone has overdosed on DMX, call if there are any of the following symptoms:.
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When taken the right way, the medication is broken down in the stomach before it is absorbed into the bloodstream over time. By snorting, the full effect of the drug is released almost immediately by going straight into the bloodstream via blood vessels in the nasal cavity, which can have serious consequences. Sniffing or snorting drugs has multiple health consequences. You can damage your respiratory system, making it difficult for you to breathe normally.
The mucous membranes in your nose are extremely delicate and can be easily damaged. When these get damaged, they stop functioning normally, making your normal respiratory actions not work properly.
Long-term effects are the most severe and often cause permanent damage to the nose. Long-term snorting of drugs sets up a cascade of infections and damage leading to perforation in the septum part of the nose.
The belief that snorting drugs cannot lead to addiction is also far from true. Seeking and taking the drug becomes compulsive. This is mostly due to the effects of long-term drug exposure on brain function. Addiction affects parts of the brain involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and control over behavior.
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