Transformational leadership is a relatively new approach to leadership that focuses on how leaders can create valuable and positive change in their followers. James MacGregor Burns first introduced the concepts of transformational leadership when studying political leaders, but this term is now used when studying organizations as well. Burns described two leadership styles: transactional and transformational. Transactional leaders focus on gaining compliance by giving and withholding rewards and benefits.
Followers of a transformational leader respond by feeling trust, admiration, loyalty, and respect for the leader and are more willing to work harder than originally expected. Another researcher, Bernard M. Bass, added to the work of Burns by explaining the psychological mechanisms that underlie transformational and transactional leadership.
Transformational leadership theory is supported by nearly 30 years of research correlating transformational leadership to positive performance outcomes including individual, group, and organizational level variables. The study published in the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine involved surveying workers at several different German information and communication technology companies. Researchers asked participants to answers questions about their employer's leadership style. A score for transformational leadership was then determined based on qualities such as providing intellectual stimulation, giving positive feedback for good performance, leading by example, and helping employees feel like they were making a contribution toward the goals of the group.
The researchers discovered that employees who identified a higher level of transformational leadership in their employers also had higher reported levels of well-being. The effect stayed significant even after researchers controlled for factors that are linked to well-being such as job strain, education, and age. So what impact could such results have for managers and workers?
The study's authors suggest that the results are important and can help companies develop leadership training programs that can be used to teach transformational leadership skills. Acquiring communication skills such as resolving conflicts in the workplace and recognizing the needs of employees are an important part of transformational leadership.
The transformational style of leadership can be highly effective when used appropriately, but it might not necessarily be the best choice for every situation.
In some cases, groups may require a more managerial or autocratic style that involves closer control and greater direction, particularly in situations where group member are unskilled and need a lot of oversight. One way to improve your own leadership skills is to assess your own current leadership style and think about ways in which your strengths can benefit the group you are leading.
By evaluating your own skills, you will be better able to play to your strengths and work on improving your areas of weakness. Ever wonder what your personality type means?
Sign up to find out more in our Healthy Mind newsletter. Am J Pharm Educ. Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment. Hum Resour Health. Published Dec 1. Riggio, Ronald. Are You a Transformational Leader? Psychology Today. Mar 24, J Occup Environ Med. Bass, B. Transformational Leadership. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellMind. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
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