Who is the father of exercise physiology

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Q: Who is the father of exercise physiology? Write your answer Related questions. What is the Difference between exercise physiology and sport physiology?

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This entry focuses on the history of the exercise psychology side of the disciplinary area that might better be termed psychology of physical activity. Jack Rejeski and Lawrence R. Thompson suggested a slightly broader scope by substituting physical fitness for physical work capacity. Today, most scholars who might adopt the exercise psychology label would take an even broader approach and substitute healthrelated physical activity. As the following historical review suggests, health-related physical activity could well describe the emphasis in the early roots stage of sport and exercise psychology years ago.

As the discipline developed, sport psychology narrowed to focus on competitive sport performance, and subsequently, exercise psychology split off to connect with exercise science and focus on physical fitness. It should be noted that the sport psychology—exercise psychology separation is a North American development. International sport psychology has maintained the sport psychology title but gradually incorporated more exercise and fitness topics since the s. With more recent rapid growth and expansion of research and practice, the sport psychology—exercise psychology categorization does not capture the rich diversity of topics, populations, outcomes, contexts, perspectives, and approaches within the psychology of physical activity today.

Psychology and kinesiology then physical education both began to organize as academic disciplines over years ago, and that early work includes evidence of the psychology of physical activity.

Scholars who have described the history of sport and exercise psychology have noted the words of G. Triplett observed that cyclists seemed motivated to perform better with social influence pacing machine, competition , and devised an experiment to test his ideas. Other early scholars from both psychology and physical education espoused psychological benefits of physical education and conducted isolated studies, including George W.

Fitz of Harvard, who conducted experiments on the speed and accuracy of motor responses in the late s. Griffith clearly connected sport and exercise. He closed the article with a list of 25 specific topics that might be investigated in his lab.

Notably, that list included several topics that we might now call exercise psychology, although Griffith clearly did not make that distinction. The first topic listed was the relation between physical exercise and learning, and the list included effect of exercise on length of life and resistance to disease, the nature of sleep among athletes, photographic analysis of muscle coordination during fear, sex differences in motor skill tests, and effects of nicotine and other toxins on learning—to name just a few.

Not only did Griffith merge topics that many today separate into sport and exercise, he included motor skills, coordination, and development and covered a range of topics that fit into the psychology of physical activity. Around the same time that Griffith was working in the United States, Robert Werner Schulte in Germany and Avksenty Cezarevich Puni in Russia were developing sport psychology labs and active research programs.

Although both clearly identified their pioneering work as sport psychology, like Griffith, their research often included topics such as exercise and memory that could be considered exercise psychology. According to McCloy, mind and body cannot be separated. As McCloy understood, mind and body are connected, of and through the physical are connected, and sport and exercise are connected. The dualism of sport psychology versus exercise psychology is artificial and inaccurate.

The full range of physical activities and related issues, including positive health, youth development, life skills, quality of life, and lifestyle physical activity, belong in psychology of physical activity. In his own pioneering research, McCloy investigated character building through physical education as well as his many studies of motor skills and development, topics that fall within a psychology of physical activity. After World War II, several scholars developed research programs in motor behavior that incorporated sport and exercise psychology topics, but research was sporadic.

Despite the innovative work during the first half of the 20th century, sport and exercise psychology did not emerge as an identifiable field until the late s, when several individuals, typically in physical education departments, developed research programs, graduate courses, and eventually, specialized organizations and publications. Notably, these emerging programs and scholars were housed in physical education now kinesiology. The ISSP, and international sport psychology, was more closely connected to applied psychology and performance enhancement than in North America, but exercise psychology can be found even in the early development stages.

Physiology focuses on increasing metabolism and vigour as the course of treatment along with rehabilitation. The diseases mainly treated by physiological exercises are obesity, hypertension, diabetes, immunity complexities, arthritis etc. Physiotherapy uses some specific methods to address these problems one by one. The main difference between the two is that a physiotherapist offers hands-on treatment and passive treatment with joint manipulation, massage and acupuncture.

An exercise physiologist is hands-off treatment, providing specific clinical exercise programs for the rehabilitation process. Only about 0. All 11 are necessary for life. The amount of water in the body changes slightly with age, sex, and hydration levels. Exercise science is a theory-based, research-led discipline that aims to understand and promote individual well-being by applying solutions to health problems related to physical inactivity.

Kinesiology is the study of human movement through the understanding of mechanics, anatomy and physiology.