I felt sick. I respect them too much to obfuscate the truth: the world is becoming increasingly warm, volatile and inequitable. Young people are already calculating how much suffering they will witness or bear themselves, and what this means for their futures, particularly with regards to child-bearing. Would it be unethical to bring someone into that world, however it may look? My former research assistant Ellie, 23, agrees.
Many climate activists avoid mentioning childbirth because of its association with population control and eugenics. The conversation should be about capitalism and climate change, not about controlling the bodies of people who give birth. Dr Jaya Tiwari, the vice-president of Boma Project , an NGO focused on graduating women from extreme poverty in the face of climate change, has witnessed the inequities of child-rearing first-hand.
She made personal decisions accordingly. The fact that we ended up with an only child is an indication of where I ultimately landed. When relatively privileged individuals consider childbirth, they imagine avoiding the nightmarish scenarios many parents are already living. Plus, families largely make emotional decisions, not data-driven ones. My students, while fearful, also express hope that we might leverage technology and legislation to turn things around. I would offer these points of deliberation for someone considering having a child:.
Look at the predictive modeling for climate change scenarios in your area and visualize yourself raising a child within them, noting your ability to withstand risk. Be willing to have a difficult and honest conversation with your partner about family planning and domestic labor.
Imagine helping your future children build the psychological, physical and financial resilience they might need to endure the challenges ahead. For couples who have been trying to conceive for more than 3 years without success, the likelihood of getting pregnant naturally within the next year is 1 in 4, or less.
Some people get pregnant quickly, but for others it can take longer. It's a good idea to see a GP if you have not conceived after a year of trying. Women aged 36 and over, and anyone who's already aware they may have fertility problems, should see their GP sooner.
They can check for common causes of fertility problems and suggest treatments that could help. Infertility is usually only diagnosed when a couple have not managed to conceive after a year of trying. The treatment offered will depend on what's causing the fertility problems and what's available from your local clinical commissioning group CCG.
Private treatment is also available, but it can be expensive and there's no guarantee it will be successful. Infertility can be treated with medicine , surgery, artificial insemination , or assisted reproductive technology. Many times these treatments are combined. In most cases infertility is treated with drugs or surgery. A number of fertility medicines are used to treat women with ovulation problems. It is important to talk with your doctor about the pros and cons of these medicines.
You should understand the possible dangers, benefits, and side effects. Many fertility drugs increase a woman's chance of having twins, triplets, or other multiples. Women who are pregnant with multiple fetuses have more problems during pregnancy.
Multiple fetuses have a high risk of being born too early prematurely. Premature babies are at a higher risk of health and developmental problems.
Intrauterine insemination IUI is an infertility treatment that is often called artificial insemination. In this procedure, the woman is injected with specially prepared sperm. Sometimes the woman is also treated with medicines that stimulate ovulation before IUI. Assisted reproductive technology ART is a group of different methods used to help infertile couples. ART works by removing eggs from a woman's body.
The eggs are then mixed with sperm to make embryos. The embryos are then put back in the woman's body. Success rates vary and depend on many factors. Some things that affect the success rate of ART include:. The U. ART can be expensive and time-consuming. But it has allowed many couples to have children that otherwise would not have been conceived.
The most common complication of ART is multiple fetuses. But this is a problem that can be prevented or minimized in several different ways. ART procedures sometimes involve the use of donor eggs eggs from another woman , donor sperm, or previously frozen embryos. Donor eggs are sometimes used for women who can not produce eggs.
Also, donor eggs or donor sperm is sometimes used when the woman or man has a genetic disease that can be passed on to the baby. An infertile woman or couple may also use donor embryos. These are embryos that were either created by couples in infertility treatment or were created from donor sperm and donor eggs.
The donated embryo is transferred to the uterus. The child will not be genetically related to either parent. Women with no eggs or unhealthy eggs might also want to consider surrogacy.
A surrogate is a woman who agrees to become pregnant using the man's sperm and her own egg. The child will be genetically related to the surrogate and the male partner.
After birth, the surrogate will give up the baby for adoption by the parents. Women with ovaries but no uterus may be able to use a gestational carrier. This may also be an option for women who shouldn't become pregnant because of a serious health problem.
In this case, a woman uses her own egg. It is fertilized by the man's sperm and the embryo is placed inside the carrier's uterus. The carrier will not be related to the baby and gives him or her to the parents at birth. Recent research by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention showed that ART babies are two to four times more likely to have certain kinds of birth defects.
These may include heart and digestive system problems, and cleft divided into two pieces lips or palate. Researchers don't know why this happens. The birth defects may not be due to the technology. Other factors, like the age of the parents, may be involved. More research is needed. The risk is relatively low, but parents should consider this when making the decision to use ART. For more information about infertility, call the OWH Helpline at or contact the following organizations:.
Department of Health and Human Services. ET closed on federal holidays. Breadcrumb Home A-Z health topics Infertility. Infertility Infertility means not being able to get pregnant after one year of trying or six months if a woman is 35 or older. What is infertility? Pregnancy is the result of a process that has many steps. To get pregnant: A woman's body must release an egg from one of her ovaries ovulation.
The egg must go through a fallopian tube toward the uterus womb. A man's sperm must join with fertilize the egg along the way. The fertilized egg must attach to the inside of the uterus implantation.
Infertility can happen if there are problems with any of these steps. Is infertility a common problem? Is infertility just a woman's problem? What causes infertility in men? This happens when the veins on a man's testicle s are too large. This heats the testicles. The heat can affect the number or shape of the sperm.
0コメント